Hengkara Majaya

Studi Implementasi Marpol Annex I pada Kapal yang Masuk Areal Pelabuhan Sukarno Hatta Makassar

Abu Bakar — 2026-03-31

Pollution of the environment, especially the marine environment, can cause death and damage to living creatures in the sea, such as fish, coral reefs and other marine resources. This research describes the implementation of MARPOL 73/78 Annex I and the implementation of MARPOL Annex I is analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods for ships entering the Makassar port area. The observation approach is carried out on the ship and in the marine environment of the ship which is anchored and berthed. Interviews were conducted directly with the crew using a questionnaire form following MARPOL Annex I requirements. For the quantitative method, the weight in each item of MARPOL Annex I requirements is determined based on the score for each item divided by the overall item score (100%). From the results obtained from a sample of 15 ships and 30 Engineering Officers who answered questions, several items of MARPOL Annex I requirements for all ships based on observations and interviews did not follow/meet the requirements in elements and sub-elements, such as in element 3,37% of the ppm alarm separation equipment (OWS) did not function and 63% did. In element 4 related to the disposal of waste oil in special areas, 24% said yes and 76% said no. In element 5, sub-element 3,70% of ships recorded the discharge of tank cleaning water, in sub-element 4, only 15% of ships recorded the discharge of oil residue in the Oil Record Book, while 85% did not record it in the Oil Record Book. In sub-element 5, only 45% of ships recorded the discharge of oil residue in the Oil Record Book while 55% did not record it and in sub-element 9, only 35% of ships recorded damage to OWS machine equipment in the Oil Record Book. Even though the implementation of MARPOL Annex I appears to have not been successful enough to meet the standards in elements 3, 4, 5, elements 1, 2, 6 and 7 of the data processing results have met the standards according to the required provisions. To minimize the occurrence of oil pollution from ships in the Makassar port area, the development plans to be achieved must still be implemented in full in accordance with regulatory standards. Based on the results obtained, training (drill) related to plans for preventing and handling emergency waste pollution from ships continues to be carried out in accordance with the provisions and all activities carried out are recorded, and the company continues to improve the capabilities and skills of human resources (HR) who work on its ships so that the implementation of MARPOL Annex I in the Port Area can continue to be maximized.

Penyebab Keterlambatan Penginjeksian Bahan Bakar pada Mesin Diesel Induk di Kapal MT. Samudera Biru 168

Muhammad Elham Banusaputro — 2026-03-31

This study aims to analyze the causes and impacts of fuel injection delay in the main diesel engine of MT Samudera Biru 168. The research used a qualitative approach, with data collected through direct observation, interviews with engine room personnel, and analysis of the ship’s operational data. The findings reveal that the delay was caused by clogged injector nozzle holes due to carbon deposits, reducing injection pressure to 200 bar, below the normal specification of the B&W SSangyong engine (250–350 bar). The identified impacts include increased exhaust gas temperature in most cylinders, decreased temperature in one cylinder, higher exhaust emissions, and damage to injector components. Contributing factors were identified as poor fuel quality, suboptimal preventive maintenance schedules, and limited monitoring of injection pressure. Corrective actions taken included replacing the injector nozzle, cleaning the fuel system, recalibrating components, and conducting regular checks on the injection system. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing planned preventive maintenance, using high-quality fuel, and regularly monitoring engine operating parameters to maintain operational efficiency and prevent further damage. The results are expected to serve as a reference for ship diesel engine maintenance, supporting operational reliability and the sustainability of the maritime industry. In addition, this study is expected to inspire other researchers to conduct similar studies with a more in depth and comprehensive approach.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyebab dan dampak keterlambatan penginjeksian bahan bakar pada mesin diesel induk di kapal MT. Samudera Biru 168. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi langsung, wawancara dengan personel kamar mesin, serta analisis data operasional kapal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlambatan penginjeksian disebabkan oleh tersumbatnya lubang nozzle injektor akibat penumpukan kerak karbon, sehingga tekanan injeksi turun menjadi 200 bar, di bawah spesifikasi normal mesin B&W SsangYong (250–350 bar). Dampak yang diidentifikasi meliputi kenaikan temperatur gas buang pada sebagian besar silinder, penurunan temperatur pada salah satu silinder, peningkatan emisi gas buang, dan kerusakan komponen injektor. Faktor pendukung lainnya adalah kualitas bahan bakar yang kurang baik, kurang optimalnya jadwal perawatan preventif, dan minimnya pengawasan terhadap tekanan injeksi. Upaya perbaikan yang dilakukan mencakup pergantian nozzle injektor, pembersihan sistem bahan bakar, kalibrasi ulang komponen, serta pengecekan berkala pada sistem injeksi. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan perawatan preventif yang terencana, penggunaan bahan bakar berkualitas tinggi, serta pengawasan rutin terhadap parameter kerja mesin untuk menjaga efisiensi operasional dan mencegah kerusakan lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi perawatan mesin diesel kapal guna mendukung keandalan operasional dan keberlanjutan industri pelayaran. Selain itu penelitian ini juga diharapkan dapat memberikan inspirasi kepada peneliti lain supaya dapat dilakukan penelitian dengan ide serupa namun lebih mendalam dan komprehensif.

Strategi Pencegahan Keterlambatan Proses Crew Change pada Armada Kapal PT. Satrya Maritim Indonesia

Raden Rendy Arman — 2026-03-31

This research aims to analyze the factors causing delays in crew changes on the vessel fleet of PT. Satrya Maritim Indonesia and to formulate preventive strategies. The problem arose from cases of delayed crew rotations in the operational area of Brunei Darussalam, which resulted in client-imposed sanctions. The research method applied was qualitative descriptive, using observation, interviews, and documentation during the internship, as well as comparative analysis between field findings and crew management theories. The results indicate that delays were triggered by internal factors such as limited standby crew availability, irregular planning, weak interdepartmental coordination, and administrative errors, as well as external factors such as visa processing delays, changes in immigration policies, transportation disruptions due to weather, and specific client requirements. The recommended preventive strategies include the development of a structured timeline, strengthening the database and monitoring of both standby and former crew, regular recruitment, improved internal and external coordination, utilization of a crew management system, adjustment of rotation patterns, and continuous evaluation. In conclusion, preventing delays should focus on the synergy between human resource management, administrative planning, and compliance with destination country regulations in order to minimize risks of delays, enhance operational efficiency, and maintain client satisfaction.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor penyebab keterlambatan crew change pada armada kapal PT. Satrya Maritim Indonesia dan merumuskan strategi pencegahannya. Permasalahan berawal dari kasus keterlambatan rotasi kru di wilayah operasi Brunei Darussalam yang berujung pada sanksi dari klien. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi selama praktik kerja, serta analisis perbandingan antara temuan lapangan dan teori manajemen kru. Hasil menunjukkan keterlambatan dipicu faktor internal seperti keterbatasan jumlah standby crew, ketidakteraturan perencanaan, lemahnya koordinasi antardepartemen, dan kesalahan administratif, serta faktor eksternal seperti keterlambatan pengurusan visa, perubahan kebijakan imigrasi, hambatan transportasi akibat cuaca, dan permintaan khusus klien. Strategi pencegahan yang direkomendasikan meliputi penyusunan timeline terstruktur, penguatan database dan monitoring kru standby maupun eks kru, rekrutmen berkala, peningkatan koordinasi internal-eksternal, pemanfaatan crew management system, penyesuaian pola rotasi, dan evaluasi berkelanjutan. Kesimpulannya, pencegahan keterlambatan harus berfokus pada sinergi manajemen sumber daya manusia, perencanaan administratif, dan kepatuhan regulasi negara tujuan guna meminimalkan risiko keterlambatan, meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, serta menjaga kepuasan klien.

Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Fire Drill untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pemadaman Kebakaran di Kapal SPOB. Kaisar

Agung Prabowo Suleman — 2026-03-31

This study aims to determine the implementation of fire drills in preventing fires on board ships and analyze the obstacles experienced by crew members in using fire drill equipment during emergencies on the SPOB. Kaisar Ship. This study uses a qualitative approach carried out on the SPOB. Kaisar Ship by collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation during the period of October 2024 to October 2025 during sailing practice activities. The results of the study indicate that fire drills are carried out routinely in accordance with SOLAS and STCW provisions, starting from briefings, fire simulations, use of APAR, fire hoses, hydrants, and fire pump inspections. The training is carried out by following a muster list so that each crew member understands their roles and responsibilities. Fire drills have been proven to improve crew skills in hazard identification, extinguisher operation, evacuation route selection, and taking rapid action in the early stages of an incident. However, the study also found several obstacles, including a lack of familiarity with some crew members' equipment, mental conditions such as panic during fire simulations, and equipment that is not always optimal or located in difficult-to-reach locations. Environmental factors such as cramped spaces, smoke, and minimal lighting also increase the challenges in utilizing safety equipment. Ineffective coordination and communication also hindered the emergency response process. Overall, the fire drills had a positive impact on improving fire preparedness and prevention on the SPOB Kaisar, but increased training, equipment maintenance, and strengthened coordination were needed to ensure maximum effectiveness in responding to emergencies. A shipboard fire drill is a systematic, periodic exercise to train the crew in handling fire situations.

Kinerja Bongkar Muat Barang di Pelabuhan Makassar dengan Menggunakan Crane Kapal PT. Pelni Cabang Makassar

Muhammad Awal Fajri — 2026-03-31

This Cargo handling operations are one of the key elements in ensuring the smooth operation of a port, where speed, accuracy, and safety are important indicators for assessing service effectiveness. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of cargo handling processes at Makassar Port carried out by PT. Pelni Makassar Branch using the ship’s crane as the main equipment. Common problems encountered in cargo handling include limited shore-based equipment, weather conditions, coordination among related parties, as well as technical and operational factors of the ship’s crane itself. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through direct field observations, interviews with operational staff, documentation, and literature studies. The data were analyzed by comparing the standard cargo handling time with the actual time achieved, as well as reviewing constraints and improvement measures taken. The results show that the use of the ship’s crane provides high flexibility in the cargo handling process, especially in conditions where port cargo handling equipment is limited or unavailable. However, the effectiveness of the ship’s crane is influenced by lifting capacity, technical condition of the equipment, operator experience, and cargo stowage arrangement inside the vessel. Observations indicate that the average cargo handling speed using the ship’s crane is slightly below the optimal standard due to waiting times and technical constraints, such as equipment maintenance, vessel positioning adjustments, and unfavorable weather conditions. Nevertheless, good coordination between the vessel’s crew, crane operators, and stevedores can minimize delays. This study recommends improving operator training, conducting regular equipment maintenance, optimizing cargo stowage planning, and integrating operational schedules between the port and vessels to enhance cargo handling effectiveness at Makassar Port.